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V fotogrametriji za ustvarjanje oblakov točk, digitalnih 3D modelov in ortofoto načrtov uporabljamo stereopare aerofotografij. Gre za dve aerofotografiji, ki prikazujeta del istega območja, položaj zajema pa je nekoliko zamaknjen. Stereopar sta dva posnetka, ki sta fotografirana iz različnih pozicij in se medsebojno delno prekrivata (vsaj 50%).
Pri uporabi stereopara gre za posnemanje, kako človek zazna prostor z levim in desnim očesom. Človeški možgani ustvarijo 3D zaznavo prostora, potem ko samodejno obdelajo sliki iz obeh očes. Po podobnem principu ena aerofotografija stereopara predstavlja sliko, ki jo vidimo z levim očesom, druga aerofotografija pa sliko, ki jo vidimo z desnim očesom. Ko obe fotografiji prekrijemo tako, da isti detajli sovpadajo, dobimo stereo-območje – iz tega lahko z ustreznimi stereoskopskimi postopki ustvarimo virtualni 3D model opazovanega prostora. V grobem je pomen stereopara prav transformacija dveh 2D posnetkov v en 3D model stereo-območja.
Iskanje ujemajočih se točk na obeh posnetkih, ki predstavljata isti detajl v naravi, imenujemo postopek slikovnega ujemanja. Ujemajoče se točke lahko najdemo le na prekrivajočih se delih aerofotografij, zato jih zajemamo z velikim deležem prekrivanja, to je vsaj 50 %.
Fotogrametrična gradnja 3D oblaka točk se začne prav s prepoznavanjem ujemajočih se značilnih točk na aerofotografijah. Metode tega prepoznavanja temeljijo na algoritmih računalniškega vida in stereoskopije, ki iz para ujemajočih se točk na aerofotografijah ter poznanih notranjih in zunanjih parametrov fotoaparata v času proženja, izračunajo vse tri koordinate posamezne slikovne točke iz aerofotografije, kar je osnova za kakršenokoli 3D model.