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Deprecated: WPML_Translation_Element::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $wpml_cache as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/prod/domains/geavis.si/public_html/assets1191/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/classes/translations/class-wpml-translation-element.php on line 27 Zakaj je potrebno georeferenciranje rastrskih slik in kaj pridobimo? – Geavis
Slike zemeljskega površja, posnete iz satelita ali letala (satelitski posnetki, aerofotografije ipd.), so običajne digitalne fotografije, ki ne vsebujejo informacije, kako se območja na fotografiji prilegajo lokacijam na površju Zemlje. Brez lokacijskih informacij zato teh rastrskih slik ne moremo uporabiti za analize ali primerjave z drugimi prostorskimi podatki. Fotografije moramo najprej umestiti v državni koordinatni sistem. Temu postopku rečemo georeferenciranje, s čimer vsaki točki na digitalni sliki določimo koordinate v državnem koordinatnem sistemu. Ko poznamo koordinate točk na sliki, lahko s sliko natančno pokrijemo karto, tako da se ujemajo koordinate točk na sliki in karti. Na ta način lahko podatke, pridobljene z daljinskim zaznavanjem, primerjamo, analiziramo in integriramo tudi z drugimi viri prostorskih podatkov.
Georeferenciranje je nujen korak pred obdelavo prostorskih podatkov, obstajajo pa različne metode, ki se uporabljajo neposredno po zajemu prostorskih podatkov. Pogosta metoda sloni na uporabi oslonilnih točk, to je točk terena, ki imajo znane koordinate in so razpoznavne tudi na fotografiji. Iz koordinat več oslonilnih točk lahko izračunamo koordinate tudi vseh drug točk na fotografiji.
Natančno georeferenciranje je zapletena naloga in nanj vpliva več faktorjev, od kakovosti naprav za zajem slik, višine snemanja, nagib in vrsta terena, transformacije med koordinatnimi sistemi, metode izravnav ipd. Sodobni aerofotografski sistemi dosegajo pozicijsko in višinsko natančnost georeferenciranja 1-2 slikovni točki (piksla). Na primer, če je GSD=5 cm, je potem pričakovana natančnost georeferenciranja 5-10 cm.