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Digitalne aerofotografije so sestavljene iz matrike slikovnih točk (pikslov). Vsaka slikovna točka je v resnici majhen kvadratek. GSD (ang. Ground Sample Distance) nam pove, kako velika je stranica tega kvadrata (ki predstavlja en piksel) v naravni velikosti na zemeljskem površju. Vrednost GSD = 5 cm pomeni, da en piksel na aerofotografiji predstavlja linearno 5 cm na terenu oziroma pokrije 25 cm2 (5 cm x 5 cm) v naravi.
Prostorska ločljivost aerofotografije nam pove, v kolikšni meri lahko prepoznavamo detajle na aerofotografiji. Detajlov, ki so manjši od velikosti ene slikovne točke, ne moremo zaznati, za prepoznavo pa potrebujemo matriko vsaj 4×4 slikovnih točk. Večja ko je vrednost GSD, manj so vidne podrobnosti na zemeljskem površju.
GSD in prostorska ločljivost aerofotografij sta povezana z višino leta letalnika. Višje ko letimo, manj podrobnosti na zemeljskem površju vidimo. Z večanjem višine leta se torej aerofotografijam povečuje vrednost GSD in sorazmerno se manjša prostorska ločljivost.
Vendarle pa se lahko zgodi, da kljub letenju na konstantni višini pridobljene aerofotografije nimajo vse enak GSD. To je posledica razgibanosti terena, nad katerim leti letalo, in nagnjenosti fotoaparata med fotografiranjem. Te razlike odpravimo kasneje z algoritmi napredne obdelave aerofotografij. S tem zagotovimo, da ima ortofoto mozaik, ki ga izdelamo iz teh aerofotografij, na vseh mestih poenotene vrednosti GSD.